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TEXT ONLY EQUIVALENT Mxw Welcome To The Team
Coca-Cola HR would like to discuss employment options
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This position includes a starting base salary of $90K, stock options and benefits.
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Hummingbirds use their tube-like tongues as tiny pumps to extract nectar from flowers University of Connecticut researchers studied 18 hummingbird species Found the brightly-coloured bird’s tongue acts like a tiny pump Nectar is drawn up through the bird's tongue with two skinny tubes, or grooves and the repeated action takes just one tenth of a second Finding debunks the commonly held view that the birds feed by 'wicking' By SARAH GRIFFITHS FOR MAILONLINE PUBLISHED: 10:48 EST, 19 August 2015 | UPDATED: 11:35 EST, 19 August 2015 View comments It’s not just the hummingbird’s frenetic wings that sets it apart from other birds. Scientists have found that the brightly-coloured bird’s tongue acts like a tiny pump. The specialised body part allows the tiny creatures to extract nectar from flowers as they hover over them, beating their wings at up to 50 times a second. Scroll down for video Scientists have found that the hummingbird’s tongue acts like a tiny pump. It is pictured here protruding. The specialised body part allows the tiny creatures to extract nectar from flowers as they hover over them +3 Scientists have found that the hummingbird’s tongue acts like a tiny pump. It is pictured here protruding. The specialised body part allows the tiny creatures to extract nectar from flowers as they hover over them The finding debunks the commonly held view that the birds feed by ‘wicking’ – a capillary action that allows liquids to flow through small spaces without benefit of gravity. RELATED ARTICLES Previous 1 Next Are mass extinctions a GOOD thing? Die-offs can speed up... Look away now arachnophobes! Enormous spider that can FLY... Researchers at the University of Connecticut studied 18 hummingbird species from seven of the nine hummingbird groups throughout North and South America to make the discovery. Research scientist Alejandro Rico-Guevara explained that a hummingbird’s tongue, which can be stuck out about the same length as its beak, is tipped with two long skinny tubes, or grooves. A hummingbird’s tongue, which can be stuck out about the same length as its beak (shown) is tipped with two long skinny tubes, or grooves A hummingbird’s tongue, which can be stuck out about the same length as its beak (shown) is tipped with two long skinny tubes, or grooves Nectar is drawn into the tongue by the elastic expansion of the grooves after they are squeezed flat by the beak. While the unusual tongue structure is collapsed when the tongue crosses the space between the bill tip and the nectar pool of a flower. But once it contacts the nectar surface, the supply of fluid allows the collapsed groove to gradually recover to a relaxed cylindrical shape as the nectar fills it. The bird then squeezes nectar from its tongue by collapsing the grooves and loading elastic energy into the groove walls. The action also enables the bird to pump more nectar, creating a fast repeating action. It’s so fast, that one whole cycle of this action takes just one tenth of a second. The researchers watched films of birds feeding and it was speed of the action that made them think the widely-held wicking theory was incorrect. They were convinced that the slow fill speed of capillary action would limit the hummingbird’s rate of absorbing nectar and thus its energy intake rate. ‘We could see the actual drinking mechanism through high speed video,’ Rico-Guevara explained, ‘but we couldn’t develop the fluid dynamics model needed to test our biophysical hypothesis.’ Watch how a hummingbird tongues works in Stunning Slow Motion Loaded: 0%Progress: 0%00:00 Play Mute Current Time 0:00 / Duration Time 0:00 Fullscreen The team filmed wild hummingbirds feeding at modified transparent feeders that simulated the shape, nectar volumes, and concentrations of actual hummingbird-pollinated flowers (pictured) +3 The team filmed wild hummingbirds feeding at modified transparent feeders that simulated the shape, nectar volumes, and concentrations of actual hummingbird-pollinated flowers (pictured) Together with Tai-Hsi Fan, associate professor of mechanical engineering and an expert in fluid mechanics, he filmed wild hummingbirds feeding at transparent feeders that simulated the shape, nectar volumes, and concentrations of actual hummingbird-pollinated flowers. The data they collected is the largest data set on hummingbird feeding mechanics to date and was the basis for the study, published in the journal, Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. Rico-Guevera said that hummingbirds became what they are because of their skill at drinking nectar. ‘Our research shows how they really drink and provides the first mathematical tools to accurately model their energy intake, which will in turn inform our understanding of their foraging decisions and ecology, he added. Nectar is drawn into the tongue by the elastic expansion of the grooves after they are squeezed flat by the beak. A stock image of a male broad-billed hummingbird feeding is shown +3 Nectar is drawn into the tongue by the elastic expansion of the grooves after they are squeezed flat by the beak. A stock image of a male broad-billed hummingbird feeding is shown HOVERING HUMMINGBIRDS AND THEIR EXTRAORDINARY WINGS Hummingbirds are the only birds to hover in the air by relying on their strength alone. In August, scientists found that it is the ratio of the bird’s wing length to its width that makes them so efficient. The discovery is helping experts compete with 42 million years of natural selection to build helicopters that are increasingly efficient, which could match the performance of the best hummingbird. David Lentink, an assistant professor of mechanical engineering at Stanford University in California, tested wings from 12 different species of hummingbirds, which he sourced from museums. Hummingbird hovering around an orange flower Loaded: 0%Progress: 0%00:00 Play Mute Current Time 0:00 / Duration Time 0:00 Fullscreen He positioned them on a machine used to test the aerodynamics of helicopter blades - so they spun around like man-made blades. Together with his team, he used cameras to capture airflow around the wings and measured the drag and the lift force they exerted at different speeds and angles. Professor Lentink’s team used the same machine to test the rotor blades from a ProxDynamics Black Hornet autonomous helicopter, which is one of the most efficient on the market and is used by the UK’s army in Afghanistan. They found that the -helicopter's blades are as efficient at hovering as the average hummingbird. But while the -copter's blades kept pace with the middle-of-the-pack hummingbird wings, they could not keep up with the most efficient hummingbird's wing. The wings of Anna's hummingbird - a species common throughout the West Coast of the U.S. – were found to be about 27 per cent more efficient than the man-made -copter blades.
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